Post by Hellenas on Dec 30, 2010 17:10:23 GMT -5
Russia & Ukraine:
PONTIC. A variety of Mediterranean or Atlanto-Mediterranean, so named by Bunak. It is concentrated in Bulgaria and in the Rumanian lowlands: it also is found in the Caucasus and Ukraine and westward sporadically as far as Germany, Poland, and Lithuania.[/i]
carnby.altervista.org/troe/a-02.htm
The Cherkesses, on the other hand, are the darkest as well as the tallest and least brachycephalic; they seem, in view of their geographical location on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea, to contain much of the brunet Mediterranean or Atlanto-Mediterranean racial strain which we have already studied in Bulgaria, Rumania, and the Ukraine, and which the Russian anthropologists call the Cherkess or Pontic type when found elsewhere in Russia.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-18.htm
Ukranian from Novograd Bolynsk, in the Volhyn District. Like many Volhynians, this individual is predominantly Alpine, although he shows evidence of Atlanto-Mediterranean or Nordic admixture, or both.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-14.htm
The Ukrainians, in their eastward expansion over the plains of southern Russia, must have absorbed the remnants of the Iranian Scyths and Sarmatians, of the Black Sea Goths, of the Greek colonists of the Euxine shore, as well perhaps as of the mysterious pre-Scythic Cimmerians.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-09.htm
A third area is found in southwestern Russia, on the northern shore of the Black Sea, in the Ukraine; here Atlanto-Mediterranean factors seem largely responsible.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/08-03.htm
The history of the Crimea is one of many radical changes of ownership; the Cimmerians were driven to the mountains by the Scythians in the seventh century B.C.; subsequently Greeks colonized the peninsula in large numbers, and it remained largely Greek until overrun by Goths in 250 A.D.
There are still Greeks in the Crimea, as well as some Bulgarians, Germans, Albanians, Karaite Jews, and, of course, Russians.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-10.htm
Along the northern and western shores of the Black Sea are found, among other populations, brunet Mediterraneans of a generalized type, called Pontic by the Russian anthropologists, who are usually of medium to tall stature and who seem related on the one hand to the Atlanto-Mediterraneans and on the other to the long-faced Mediterranean prototype of Asia Minor and the Caucasus. Inland from the Black Sea shores they are found sporadically in Russia, Poland, and the countries along the upper course of the Danube. They also seem to form an early population level in Serbia and Albania.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-26.htm
Croatia/Dalmatia:
One may attribute the lesser Dinaricism of the Dalmatians to Italian or to Vlach blood, or to both, but this cannot be the only explanation. Dalmatia is the home, in solution, of a strong Atlanto-Mediterranean strain comparable to that found in northern Italy, which must go back in both places to a considerable antiquity.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-12.htm
The British Isles:
Two varieties of brunet Mediterranean, of which the sea-borne Atlanto-Mediterranean is the more important;
In England, the Germanic element is the most distinctive; in Wales it is the Atlanto-Mediterranean; in Scotland it is a combination of Bronze Age and Scandinavian elements in the northeast, of Irish with Atlanto-Mediterranean in the west;
carnby.altervista.org/troe/10-04.htm
The Atlanto-Mediterraneans were not the only members of the Mediterranean stock to invade Great Britain;
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-25.htm
Ireland:
Historically, we have seen that Ireland was settled at successive periods by Palaeolithic survivors from northern Europe by way of Scotland, by Megalithic Atlanto-Mediterraneans.
In order to explain his metrical character, it is necessary to invoke the mass absorption by either Megalithic Atlanto-Mediterraneans, or Iron Age Nordics.
the Atlanto-Mediterranean element, if it were brown eyed and black haired, has completely lost its original pigment qualities through mixture.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/10-02.htm
Scotland & Ireland:
The Atlanto-Mediterranean strain among the Scots and Irish is blue-eyed, although the hair color remains in many instances dark; here iris and skin depigmentation may have progressed in advance of the non-functional hair pigment.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-19.htm
The Iberian Peninsula(Spain & Portugal):
The cephalic index rises in Spain as stature increases,110 which would indicate that the Dinaric element is to a certain extent concerned with the coastal tallness, as is the early Atlanto-Mediterranean. In northern Spain, in the provinces which the Moors never occupied.
The apparent homogeneity of the Portuguese, in a racial sense, masks the presence of several brunet Mediterranean strains, as Portuguese anthropologists are well aware. One may distinguish tall Atlanto-Mediterraneans, particularly in the southern provinces.
They are followed by other peoples of a general Mediterranean type, but coming from Asia Minor, as their exaggerated nasal form in-dicates. These new invaders brought the knowledge of metal with them from the east, and were the first of the prospectors to visit this metal-rich peninsula.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-15.htm
Basque:
The Basques, as a whole, represent an ancient and subsequently specialized mixture of Mediterraneans and Atlanto-Mediterraneans with partially blond Dinarics.
Both the Atlanto-Mediterranean and Dinaric elements mentioned were present as early as the Copper Age in North Central Spain, where they were partially identified with the early Bell Beaker culture. The Keltic Iron Age racial type of Britain, which the living Spanish Basques so closely- resemble, was produced originally in southern Germany from a combination of Nordics with Bell Beaker or other Dinarics, and imported into England where Mediterranean and Atlanto-Mediterranean elements, as well as some Bronze Age Dinaric factors, were already present.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-17.htm
A Basque from Vizcaya, Spain. This blond Basque was rufous and freckled in childhood; his curly hair and facial features give him an Irish appearance. Nevertheless his general racial classification is with the Alpine group. This is an uncommon type for a Basque, since most of them are Atlanto-Mediterraneans and Dinarics.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-12.htm
The Western Mediterranean Islands(Balearic, Corsica, Sardinia):
Sardinian women.
The Balearic Islands contain a population taller than that in most of Spain, but equally dolichocephalic; the settlement of megalith-building Atlanto-Mediterraneans on these small islands in late Neolithic and early Metal Age times has left a permanent imprint on the population.
In view of present evidence it appears that the Corsicans, like the North Africans, Spaniards, and Portuguese, are a blend of different Mediterranean strains, and that here, as in the more marginal Berber groups and in Portugal, a small, very long-headed Mediterranean type is both old and numerous, while later, taller, Atlanto-Mediterranean forms are also present.
In historic times Corsica has belonged to many nations, from the Phoenicians to the French, but until the present her allegiance has been in most cases nominal, and throughout many changes of masters, the isianders have preserved their own character. The only actual immigration of outsiders recorded in recent times is that of 730 Greeks from the Peloponnesus who settled in the town of Cargse, on the west coast of the island, in 1676. The descendants of these Greeks still preserve their ethnic identity, and remain unabsorbed.[/b][/i]
Culturally and historically, Sardinia resembles Corsica closely. The same intense Megalithic activity, followed by Greek and Carthaginian influences, and later by Roman rule, mark early Sardinian history.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-16.htm
France:
Atlanto-Mediterranean (Litoral), 10 per cent;
Furthermore, the Atlanto-Mediterraneans of the Pyrenees and the Riviera are strongly tinged with Alpine.
Greeks, Armenians, Jews, and other subjects of the Roman empire established themselves in Gaul in considerable numbers.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-02.htm
Germany:
The cast included members of the following racial types: a small, low-vaulted Mediterranean of North African provenience, commonest in the upper Rhineland, where it still appears sporadically; the ordinary Danubian Mediterranean, the Megalithic Atlanto-Mediterranean[/u], the Corded, the Borreby, probably the Alpine, and the Bell Beaker Dinaric.[/i]
These Bavarians are mostly Alpines and Dinarics, with a little Nordic admixture; individually, a number of Atlanto-Mediterranean dolichocephals or mesocephals may be observed.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-05.htm
Austria:
The Tyrol was not settled until the Metal Age; the first inhabitants who came in any numbers were Atlanto-Mediterraneans from northern Italy, and Dinarics both from southern Germany and from Italy.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-06.htm
Balkan Vlahs & Rumania:
Greek Vlach girls.
Rumanian Vlachs.
Foreigners designate Rumanians and Rumanian speakers by the term Vlach; the Vlachs are the Rumanian speakers to be found throughout southeastern Europe, whether living in Rumania, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, or elsewhere.
Leaving the political boundaries of Rumania, we find two groups of Vlachs who have been the subjects of special study; those of Macedonia137 and of Istria.138> The Vlachs of Macedonia are the tallest of the many varied ethnic groups which compose that region, with a mean stature of 168 cm., and have the greatest absolute head length (188 mm.). They are low brachycephals, with a mean cephalic index of 83, are predominantly dark-haired and dark-eyed, and straight-nosed.
The Vlachs, a widespread and numerous people in southeastern Europe, are the descendants of Romanized aborigines, and of other peoples whom these latter have absorbed. They have no racial homogeneity, but vary regionally according to the races long seated in the regions where they live. In the northeast, where the Moldavian plain forms a continuation of the Black Earth region of southern Russia, the Neo-Danubian type of the Black Earth region is predominant; in the southeast, where a local Atlanto-Mediterranean type is concentrated, the Vlachs tend to assume that form;
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-16.htm
THE DNA OF THE INHABITANTS OF GREECE
(by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki)
Author: Constantinos Triantafyllidis *
Ardin t 69
• The Neolithic human populations were moved from Europe to the Middle East9. It is estimated that a 5% -20% of mitochondrial DNA sequences of the present inhabitants of the Middle East has a European origin. Prospective population for this flow mitochondrial DNA are the Greeks and Phrygians.
9. Richards M. et al. (2000). Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool. Am. J. Human Genetics 67: 1251.
* Emeritus Professor of Genetics and Human Genetics - Department of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, tel 2310 998309, email: triant@bio.auth.gr
www.ardin.gr/node/274
Egypt:
Egypt has never been truly isolated; and has continually drawn to it peoples from other countries. During the Alexandrian period, many Greeks and Jews settled in the Delta, particularly in the new city to which Alexander gave his name, and this metropolis has remained ever since an international settlement.
All of these settlers in Egypt, from the time of the Jews and the Greeks to the present, have been city people, while the slaves have been used mostly in urban capacities.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-09.htm
East Africa:
Before proceeding further, it may be well to state that all of the peoples of this “Hamitic” area, whether Hamitic or Semitic in speech, represent a blend in varying proportions between Mediterraneans of several varieties, especially of the tall, Atlanto-Mediterranean group, and negroes.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-08.htm
North Africa(Carthage, Algeria, Tunisia):
After the fall of Carthage, the Romans extended the enlightened area to include much of Algeria, while the Greeks had already colonized the coast of Cyrenaica.
An exception is seen, however, in the coastal region of Tunisia, where the Carthaginian state had its center, and where there may survive a minor Punic element, and the Islamized descendants of the much more numerous Greek and Italian settlers of the Roman period.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-10.htm
Arabia:
Among the tribal and village sheikhs and the officers in the Imam’s army one frequently encounters tall, very long-headed, and long-faced examples of the Atlanto-Mediterranean type, which seems to form a socially selected variant in this group. The Nordic-looking people are usually confined to the social stratum from which civil officers and religious men are drawn, and it is more than a coincidence that the acknowledged descendants of the Prophet are lighter-skinned and show greater evidence of blondism than the rest of the population. There may perhaps have been a Nordic strain associated with the holy families who entered this region from the Hejaz in early post-Islamic times.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-02.htm
Iraq:
There is a strong Irano-Afghan element here as well as the Atlanto-Mediterranean, and many transitional forms, while small, fine-featured Arab Mediterranean types are rare.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-03.htm
Iran:
The Mesopotamians, on the other hand, represent a blend or a transitional form between the taller Atlanto-Mediterranean and the Irano-Afghan race.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-04.htm
Photos:
Atlanto-Mediterraneans from Southwestern Europe(Italy, France, Portugal, Basque):
A north Italian from Villa Romagno, Piedmont, near Genoa.
A Frenchman from the Midi, a native of Toulouse. The Atlanto-Mediterranean race is an important element in the south of France, but is most frequently partially or wholly brachycephalized by Alpine admixture, of which this individual shows no evidence.
A metrically and morphologically perfect example of the late Neolithic Megalithic or Long Barrow race, the modern Atlanto-Mediterranean, from Azer in Portugal.
A dolichocephalic Spanish Basque from Sexto in the Basque Province. Like many Basques, he is extremely leptorrhine, narrow-jawed, and blue-eyed.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-23.htm
Blue-eyed Atlanto-Mediterraneans(Sicily, Spain, Ireland, Scotland):
As was seen in the case of the Basque on Plate 23, there is a tendency in the tall, extremely long-headed Atlanto-Mediterranean race toward a combination of black or dark brown hair and blue eyes. The four men shown on this plate all possess this same pigment combination, all are 170 cm. or over in stature, have head lengths well over 200 mm., and form a unit in regard to general anthropometric and morphological position. All come from regions near the sea, and touched by Megalithic navigators.
A Sicilian from Messina. Aberrant in respect to an excessive mandible width, but otherwise typical.
A Spaniard from Vigo, northwestern Spain.
A black-haired Irishman from County Donegal. The Neolithic invaders of Ireland were apparently all or nearly all of this tall, sea-borne Mediterranean variety. This individual is aberrant in head breadth, but otherwise typical.
A Scotsman from Ayrshire. An excellent example of the British Long Barrow type and a direct Neolithic survival.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-24.htm
The Pontic Mediterraneans or Atlanto-Mediterraneans(Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania-Poland, Czech Republic):
Along the northern and western shores of the Black Sea are found, among other populations, brunet Mediterraneans of a generalized type, called Pontic by the Russian anthropologists, who are usually of medium to tall stature and who seem related on the one hand to the Atlanto-Mediterraneans and on the other to the long-faced Mediterranean prototype of Asia Minor and the Caucasus. Inland from the Black Sea shores they are found sporadically in Russia, Poland, and the countries along the upper course of the Danube. They also seem to form an early population level in Serbia and Albania. Their precise archaeological history has not yet been traced, and their relationship to the Danubian invaders of central Europe at the beginning of the local Neolithic is unknown. They do not, however, conform closely to the physical type of the early Danubians as known to us by a small series of skeletal remains. Much more work needs to be done in southeastern Europe before their historical position and relationships can be established.
A Bulgarian from Chepelare. An excellent example of the Pontic Mediterranean type, except for an unusually small cranial vault. In Bulgaria this Mediterranean type seems actually in the majority.
Photo F. I. Rainer, from Rainer, F. I. Rιcherches Anthropologiques dans Trois Villages Carpathiennes, Bucharest, 1937, Plate II, #3.) A Moldavian farmer. This Mediterranean type is common in Rumania on the plains of Moldavia and Wallachia, as well as in Bulgaria, but is largely replaced by brachycephalic forms in the Carpathians.
This man, who is an excellent example of the type in question, comes from the region of Vilna, and has a Lithuanian father and a Polish mother. He is said to resemble his mother's family. This type is recognized by Polish anthropologists as an element in the population of their country, and is designated by them as Mediterranean.
A Czech of Pontic Mediterranean affiliation, unusual in a population which is for the most part brachycephalic. Bohemia is nearly the last outpost of this type to the west; a few, however, occur in Bavaria.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-26.htm
Pontic Mediterranean type in Serbia:
A Moslem Serb from Dibra, in Old Serbia. This Serb, like most of his countrymen, is tall, brunet, rather small-headed, and brachycephalic. It would appear that a brachycephalization of the "Pontic" Mediterranean type, shown on Plate 26, is involved.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-39.htm
The Atlanto-Mediterranean or Pontic racial type:
In studying the racial composition of southern Russia, there was evidence of a moderately tall, long-headed, brunet Mediterranean form, which is concentrated along the northern shore of the Black Sea, but which also appears sporadically in the entire Russian population. To western Europeans and Americans, it is better known than its frequency would warrant, for it is exemplified by several world famous ballerinas and opera singers. This is the Mediterranean racial division which the Russian anthropologists call Pontic and which the Poles recognize as a very minor element in their own population. It is with little doubt of Neolithic date in southern Russia, Rumania, Bulgaria, and the Hellespont region, and probably in Greece and the Aegean. In most of Thrace it seems more basic than the Danubian, or at least more common. What its relationship may be to the introduction of the Neolithic economy into Europe by land or by sea, cannot be determined without more data.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-16.htm
This is an Atlanto-Mediterranean racial type which is also prevalent in other Balkan countries. It may also be sorted out of available statistical series of GREEKS.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-13.htm
"...since from the mythical days of the Argonauts to the present, neither the peninsula of Hellas nor Ionia and the Aegean Islands have been large enough to hold the far-wandering Hellenes."
A note: 80 million of Americans are of Greek/Hellenic origin.
PONTIC. A variety of Mediterranean or Atlanto-Mediterranean, so named by Bunak. It is concentrated in Bulgaria and in the Rumanian lowlands: it also is found in the Caucasus and Ukraine and westward sporadically as far as Germany, Poland, and Lithuania.[/i]
carnby.altervista.org/troe/a-02.htm
The Cherkesses, on the other hand, are the darkest as well as the tallest and least brachycephalic; they seem, in view of their geographical location on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea, to contain much of the brunet Mediterranean or Atlanto-Mediterranean racial strain which we have already studied in Bulgaria, Rumania, and the Ukraine, and which the Russian anthropologists call the Cherkess or Pontic type when found elsewhere in Russia.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-18.htm
Ukranian from Novograd Bolynsk, in the Volhyn District. Like many Volhynians, this individual is predominantly Alpine, although he shows evidence of Atlanto-Mediterranean or Nordic admixture, or both.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-14.htm
The Ukrainians, in their eastward expansion over the plains of southern Russia, must have absorbed the remnants of the Iranian Scyths and Sarmatians, of the Black Sea Goths, of the Greek colonists of the Euxine shore, as well perhaps as of the mysterious pre-Scythic Cimmerians.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-09.htm
A third area is found in southwestern Russia, on the northern shore of the Black Sea, in the Ukraine; here Atlanto-Mediterranean factors seem largely responsible.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/08-03.htm
The history of the Crimea is one of many radical changes of ownership; the Cimmerians were driven to the mountains by the Scythians in the seventh century B.C.; subsequently Greeks colonized the peninsula in large numbers, and it remained largely Greek until overrun by Goths in 250 A.D.
There are still Greeks in the Crimea, as well as some Bulgarians, Germans, Albanians, Karaite Jews, and, of course, Russians.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-10.htm
Along the northern and western shores of the Black Sea are found, among other populations, brunet Mediterraneans of a generalized type, called Pontic by the Russian anthropologists, who are usually of medium to tall stature and who seem related on the one hand to the Atlanto-Mediterraneans and on the other to the long-faced Mediterranean prototype of Asia Minor and the Caucasus. Inland from the Black Sea shores they are found sporadically in Russia, Poland, and the countries along the upper course of the Danube. They also seem to form an early population level in Serbia and Albania.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-26.htm
Croatia/Dalmatia:
One may attribute the lesser Dinaricism of the Dalmatians to Italian or to Vlach blood, or to both, but this cannot be the only explanation. Dalmatia is the home, in solution, of a strong Atlanto-Mediterranean strain comparable to that found in northern Italy, which must go back in both places to a considerable antiquity.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-12.htm
The British Isles:
Two varieties of brunet Mediterranean, of which the sea-borne Atlanto-Mediterranean is the more important;
In England, the Germanic element is the most distinctive; in Wales it is the Atlanto-Mediterranean; in Scotland it is a combination of Bronze Age and Scandinavian elements in the northeast, of Irish with Atlanto-Mediterranean in the west;
carnby.altervista.org/troe/10-04.htm
The Atlanto-Mediterraneans were not the only members of the Mediterranean stock to invade Great Britain;
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-25.htm
Ireland:
Historically, we have seen that Ireland was settled at successive periods by Palaeolithic survivors from northern Europe by way of Scotland, by Megalithic Atlanto-Mediterraneans.
In order to explain his metrical character, it is necessary to invoke the mass absorption by either Megalithic Atlanto-Mediterraneans, or Iron Age Nordics.
the Atlanto-Mediterranean element, if it were brown eyed and black haired, has completely lost its original pigment qualities through mixture.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/10-02.htm
Scotland & Ireland:
The Atlanto-Mediterranean strain among the Scots and Irish is blue-eyed, although the hair color remains in many instances dark; here iris and skin depigmentation may have progressed in advance of the non-functional hair pigment.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-19.htm
The Iberian Peninsula(Spain & Portugal):
The cephalic index rises in Spain as stature increases,110 which would indicate that the Dinaric element is to a certain extent concerned with the coastal tallness, as is the early Atlanto-Mediterranean. In northern Spain, in the provinces which the Moors never occupied.
The apparent homogeneity of the Portuguese, in a racial sense, masks the presence of several brunet Mediterranean strains, as Portuguese anthropologists are well aware. One may distinguish tall Atlanto-Mediterraneans, particularly in the southern provinces.
They are followed by other peoples of a general Mediterranean type, but coming from Asia Minor, as their exaggerated nasal form in-dicates. These new invaders brought the knowledge of metal with them from the east, and were the first of the prospectors to visit this metal-rich peninsula.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-15.htm
Basque:
The Basques, as a whole, represent an ancient and subsequently specialized mixture of Mediterraneans and Atlanto-Mediterraneans with partially blond Dinarics.
Both the Atlanto-Mediterranean and Dinaric elements mentioned were present as early as the Copper Age in North Central Spain, where they were partially identified with the early Bell Beaker culture. The Keltic Iron Age racial type of Britain, which the living Spanish Basques so closely- resemble, was produced originally in southern Germany from a combination of Nordics with Bell Beaker or other Dinarics, and imported into England where Mediterranean and Atlanto-Mediterranean elements, as well as some Bronze Age Dinaric factors, were already present.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-17.htm
A Basque from Vizcaya, Spain. This blond Basque was rufous and freckled in childhood; his curly hair and facial features give him an Irish appearance. Nevertheless his general racial classification is with the Alpine group. This is an uncommon type for a Basque, since most of them are Atlanto-Mediterraneans and Dinarics.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-12.htm
The Western Mediterranean Islands(Balearic, Corsica, Sardinia):
Sardinian women.
The Balearic Islands contain a population taller than that in most of Spain, but equally dolichocephalic; the settlement of megalith-building Atlanto-Mediterraneans on these small islands in late Neolithic and early Metal Age times has left a permanent imprint on the population.
In view of present evidence it appears that the Corsicans, like the North Africans, Spaniards, and Portuguese, are a blend of different Mediterranean strains, and that here, as in the more marginal Berber groups and in Portugal, a small, very long-headed Mediterranean type is both old and numerous, while later, taller, Atlanto-Mediterranean forms are also present.
In historic times Corsica has belonged to many nations, from the Phoenicians to the French, but until the present her allegiance has been in most cases nominal, and throughout many changes of masters, the isianders have preserved their own character. The only actual immigration of outsiders recorded in recent times is that of 730 Greeks from the Peloponnesus who settled in the town of Cargse, on the west coast of the island, in 1676. The descendants of these Greeks still preserve their ethnic identity, and remain unabsorbed.[/b][/i]
Culturally and historically, Sardinia resembles Corsica closely. The same intense Megalithic activity, followed by Greek and Carthaginian influences, and later by Roman rule, mark early Sardinian history.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-16.htm
France:
Atlanto-Mediterranean (Litoral), 10 per cent;
Furthermore, the Atlanto-Mediterraneans of the Pyrenees and the Riviera are strongly tinged with Alpine.
Greeks, Armenians, Jews, and other subjects of the Roman empire established themselves in Gaul in considerable numbers.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-02.htm
Germany:
The cast included members of the following racial types: a small, low-vaulted Mediterranean of North African provenience, commonest in the upper Rhineland, where it still appears sporadically; the ordinary Danubian Mediterranean, the Megalithic Atlanto-Mediterranean[/u], the Corded, the Borreby, probably the Alpine, and the Bell Beaker Dinaric.[/i]
These Bavarians are mostly Alpines and Dinarics, with a little Nordic admixture; individually, a number of Atlanto-Mediterranean dolichocephals or mesocephals may be observed.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-05.htm
Austria:
The Tyrol was not settled until the Metal Age; the first inhabitants who came in any numbers were Atlanto-Mediterraneans from northern Italy, and Dinarics both from southern Germany and from Italy.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-06.htm
Balkan Vlahs & Rumania:
Greek Vlach girls.
Rumanian Vlachs.
Foreigners designate Rumanians and Rumanian speakers by the term Vlach; the Vlachs are the Rumanian speakers to be found throughout southeastern Europe, whether living in Rumania, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, or elsewhere.
Leaving the political boundaries of Rumania, we find two groups of Vlachs who have been the subjects of special study; those of Macedonia137 and of Istria.138> The Vlachs of Macedonia are the tallest of the many varied ethnic groups which compose that region, with a mean stature of 168 cm., and have the greatest absolute head length (188 mm.). They are low brachycephals, with a mean cephalic index of 83, are predominantly dark-haired and dark-eyed, and straight-nosed.
The Vlachs, a widespread and numerous people in southeastern Europe, are the descendants of Romanized aborigines, and of other peoples whom these latter have absorbed. They have no racial homogeneity, but vary regionally according to the races long seated in the regions where they live. In the northeast, where the Moldavian plain forms a continuation of the Black Earth region of southern Russia, the Neo-Danubian type of the Black Earth region is predominant; in the southeast, where a local Atlanto-Mediterranean type is concentrated, the Vlachs tend to assume that form;
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-16.htm
THE DNA OF THE INHABITANTS OF GREECE
(by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki)
Author: Constantinos Triantafyllidis *
Ardin t 69
• The Neolithic human populations were moved from Europe to the Middle East9. It is estimated that a 5% -20% of mitochondrial DNA sequences of the present inhabitants of the Middle East has a European origin. Prospective population for this flow mitochondrial DNA are the Greeks and Phrygians.
9. Richards M. et al. (2000). Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool. Am. J. Human Genetics 67: 1251.
* Emeritus Professor of Genetics and Human Genetics - Department of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, tel 2310 998309, email: triant@bio.auth.gr
www.ardin.gr/node/274
Egypt:
Egypt has never been truly isolated; and has continually drawn to it peoples from other countries. During the Alexandrian period, many Greeks and Jews settled in the Delta, particularly in the new city to which Alexander gave his name, and this metropolis has remained ever since an international settlement.
All of these settlers in Egypt, from the time of the Jews and the Greeks to the present, have been city people, while the slaves have been used mostly in urban capacities.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-09.htm
East Africa:
Before proceeding further, it may be well to state that all of the peoples of this “Hamitic” area, whether Hamitic or Semitic in speech, represent a blend in varying proportions between Mediterraneans of several varieties, especially of the tall, Atlanto-Mediterranean group, and negroes.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-08.htm
North Africa(Carthage, Algeria, Tunisia):
After the fall of Carthage, the Romans extended the enlightened area to include much of Algeria, while the Greeks had already colonized the coast of Cyrenaica.
An exception is seen, however, in the coastal region of Tunisia, where the Carthaginian state had its center, and where there may survive a minor Punic element, and the Islamized descendants of the much more numerous Greek and Italian settlers of the Roman period.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-10.htm
Arabia:
Among the tribal and village sheikhs and the officers in the Imam’s army one frequently encounters tall, very long-headed, and long-faced examples of the Atlanto-Mediterranean type, which seems to form a socially selected variant in this group. The Nordic-looking people are usually confined to the social stratum from which civil officers and religious men are drawn, and it is more than a coincidence that the acknowledged descendants of the Prophet are lighter-skinned and show greater evidence of blondism than the rest of the population. There may perhaps have been a Nordic strain associated with the holy families who entered this region from the Hejaz in early post-Islamic times.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-02.htm
Iraq:
There is a strong Irano-Afghan element here as well as the Atlanto-Mediterranean, and many transitional forms, while small, fine-featured Arab Mediterranean types are rare.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-03.htm
Iran:
The Mesopotamians, on the other hand, represent a blend or a transitional form between the taller Atlanto-Mediterranean and the Irano-Afghan race.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/11-04.htm
Photos:
Atlanto-Mediterraneans from Southwestern Europe(Italy, France, Portugal, Basque):
A north Italian from Villa Romagno, Piedmont, near Genoa.
A Frenchman from the Midi, a native of Toulouse. The Atlanto-Mediterranean race is an important element in the south of France, but is most frequently partially or wholly brachycephalized by Alpine admixture, of which this individual shows no evidence.
A metrically and morphologically perfect example of the late Neolithic Megalithic or Long Barrow race, the modern Atlanto-Mediterranean, from Azer in Portugal.
A dolichocephalic Spanish Basque from Sexto in the Basque Province. Like many Basques, he is extremely leptorrhine, narrow-jawed, and blue-eyed.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-23.htm
Blue-eyed Atlanto-Mediterraneans(Sicily, Spain, Ireland, Scotland):
As was seen in the case of the Basque on Plate 23, there is a tendency in the tall, extremely long-headed Atlanto-Mediterranean race toward a combination of black or dark brown hair and blue eyes. The four men shown on this plate all possess this same pigment combination, all are 170 cm. or over in stature, have head lengths well over 200 mm., and form a unit in regard to general anthropometric and morphological position. All come from regions near the sea, and touched by Megalithic navigators.
A Sicilian from Messina. Aberrant in respect to an excessive mandible width, but otherwise typical.
A Spaniard from Vigo, northwestern Spain.
A black-haired Irishman from County Donegal. The Neolithic invaders of Ireland were apparently all or nearly all of this tall, sea-borne Mediterranean variety. This individual is aberrant in head breadth, but otherwise typical.
A Scotsman from Ayrshire. An excellent example of the British Long Barrow type and a direct Neolithic survival.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-24.htm
The Pontic Mediterraneans or Atlanto-Mediterraneans(Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania-Poland, Czech Republic):
Along the northern and western shores of the Black Sea are found, among other populations, brunet Mediterraneans of a generalized type, called Pontic by the Russian anthropologists, who are usually of medium to tall stature and who seem related on the one hand to the Atlanto-Mediterraneans and on the other to the long-faced Mediterranean prototype of Asia Minor and the Caucasus. Inland from the Black Sea shores they are found sporadically in Russia, Poland, and the countries along the upper course of the Danube. They also seem to form an early population level in Serbia and Albania. Their precise archaeological history has not yet been traced, and their relationship to the Danubian invaders of central Europe at the beginning of the local Neolithic is unknown. They do not, however, conform closely to the physical type of the early Danubians as known to us by a small series of skeletal remains. Much more work needs to be done in southeastern Europe before their historical position and relationships can be established.
A Bulgarian from Chepelare. An excellent example of the Pontic Mediterranean type, except for an unusually small cranial vault. In Bulgaria this Mediterranean type seems actually in the majority.
Photo F. I. Rainer, from Rainer, F. I. Rιcherches Anthropologiques dans Trois Villages Carpathiennes, Bucharest, 1937, Plate II, #3.) A Moldavian farmer. This Mediterranean type is common in Rumania on the plains of Moldavia and Wallachia, as well as in Bulgaria, but is largely replaced by brachycephalic forms in the Carpathians.
This man, who is an excellent example of the type in question, comes from the region of Vilna, and has a Lithuanian father and a Polish mother. He is said to resemble his mother's family. This type is recognized by Polish anthropologists as an element in the population of their country, and is designated by them as Mediterranean.
A Czech of Pontic Mediterranean affiliation, unusual in a population which is for the most part brachycephalic. Bohemia is nearly the last outpost of this type to the west; a few, however, occur in Bavaria.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-26.htm
Pontic Mediterranean type in Serbia:
A Moslem Serb from Dibra, in Old Serbia. This Serb, like most of his countrymen, is tall, brunet, rather small-headed, and brachycephalic. It would appear that a brachycephalization of the "Pontic" Mediterranean type, shown on Plate 26, is involved.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/p-39.htm
The Atlanto-Mediterranean or Pontic racial type:
In studying the racial composition of southern Russia, there was evidence of a moderately tall, long-headed, brunet Mediterranean form, which is concentrated along the northern shore of the Black Sea, but which also appears sporadically in the entire Russian population. To western Europeans and Americans, it is better known than its frequency would warrant, for it is exemplified by several world famous ballerinas and opera singers. This is the Mediterranean racial division which the Russian anthropologists call Pontic and which the Poles recognize as a very minor element in their own population. It is with little doubt of Neolithic date in southern Russia, Rumania, Bulgaria, and the Hellespont region, and probably in Greece and the Aegean. In most of Thrace it seems more basic than the Danubian, or at least more common. What its relationship may be to the introduction of the Neolithic economy into Europe by land or by sea, cannot be determined without more data.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-16.htm
This is an Atlanto-Mediterranean racial type which is also prevalent in other Balkan countries. It may also be sorted out of available statistical series of GREEKS.
carnby.altervista.org/troe/12-13.htm
"...since from the mythical days of the Argonauts to the present, neither the peninsula of Hellas nor Ionia and the Aegean Islands have been large enough to hold the far-wandering Hellenes."
A note: 80 million of Americans are of Greek/Hellenic origin.