Post by kartadolofonos on May 21, 2015 18:25:32 GMT -5
The first images from the ancient Palmyra, which is now under the full control of Jihadists ...
They have reached and cause shock.
Already the fighters of the Eosphoros Caliphate State have made atrocities,beheadings lie in the streets of the city center.
The extremist organization Caliphate State today captured the entire ancient city of Palmyra in the Syrian desert and the jihadists now control half of Syrian territory, as announced by the Syrian Human Rights Observatory.
The jihadists, who already control large areas in northern and eastern Syria, marched yesterday evening to the west in the city of Palmyra in central Syria, capturing for the first time a large urban center, after battles with the Syrian pro-government forces.
Over the impressive ancient Palmyra black smoke rising from the devastation already underway in the city
It is a city of Luxurious and rich in the middle of the desert, thanks to trade spices and perfumes, silk and ivory sunrise, statues and glass processing of Phoenicia.
The ruins inside the ancient city of Palmyra date back to the 1st and 2nd century, with the city’s temples and streets formed from a blend of Persian and Greco-Roman influenced architecture.
In 129, the Roman Emperor Hadrian makes it a free city and takes the name Hadrian Palmyra. It is the era in which made the main temples like that of Bell, or the Agora.
The Palmyra was in ancient times an important city of central Syria, built in an oasis 215 km northeast of Damascus and 120 km southwest of the Euphrates. For centuries it was vital stop for caravans crossing the Syrian desert and was known as the "Bride of the Desert."
The Greek name "Palmyra" is a translation of the original Aramaic name Tadmor, which means "Palm city". The modern town, next to the ancient ruins called again Tadmor. The economy depends on tourism. The Bible refers to Tamar or Thedmor or Thoedmor while in Aramaic Tadmor or Tammor and said that King Solomon built as a city station caravans between Syria and Mesopotamia.
The Palmyra was famous for its wealth during the Roman period, when reigned and the legendary Queen Zenobia. However, for the first time mentioned the 2nd millennium BC .. It was then another node in extensive trade network that linked Mesopotamia with northern Syria.
The Tadmor is mentioned in the Bible (II Chronicles 8: 4) as a desert city that was fortified by Solomon. Also from Josephus, as built by Solomon (Jewish Antiquities - Book VIII), together with the Greek name of Palmyra. (Tadmor is the name of Palmyra in modern Hebrew).
For this city before the Roman period, there is also the news that traditionally had been destroyed by the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar.
With the prevalence of the Seleucids in Syria in 323 BC, Palmyra became independent. The city flourished as a caravan station mainly in the 1st century BC In 41 BC Romans under Mark Antony tried to understand, but failed as residents fled to the opposite bank of the Euphrates having timely informed the enemy coming. The fact shows that even then the Palmyra retained its character as nomadic settlement and all the goods could be moved in a few hours.
The Terry Jones and Alan Ereira in their book 'The Barbarians' note that the merchants of Palmyra were ship owners in Italian waters and controlled the silk trade from India: "The Palmyra thus became one of the richest cities of the Middle East .. . ... Its inhabitants had managed a really great achievement - were the only ones who managed to live next to the Romans without ekromaisthoun. Just pretending they were Romans. "
The Palmyra became part of the Roman province of Syria during the reign of Tiberius (14-37). He continued to grow steadily as an important trading post, which now linking Persia, India and China with the Roman Empire. In 129 Hadrian visited the city and captivated so much that the proclaimed "free city" and renamed it Palmyra Hadriana.
From 212 trade by Palmyra fell, as Sassanians occupied the mouth of the Tigris and the Euphrates. Odaenathus, prince of Palmyra, was appointed by Valerian governor of the province of Syria. After the capture of Valerian Sassanian Empire and the death in captivity in Bishapur, Odaenethus campaigned until Ctesiphon (near today's Baghdad) for revenge, invading the city twice. Odaenathus murdered by his nephew Maconius, so the wife of Odaenethus the Septimius Zenobia came to power, ruling Palmyra and on behalf of her son Vabalathus. The Zenobia rebelled against the Romans with the help of Longinus and took over Bosra and the land to Egypt. Then attempted to conquer Antioch to the north.
In 272 the Roman Emperor Aurelian finally retaliated and took her prisoner in Rome.
The revolution Zenobia upset Rome so the Palmyra forced the Empire to become a military base for the Roman legions. Diocletian the extended to fit even more military and rampart to protect her from the threat of the Sassanids. The Byzantine period added only a few churches and the city decayed.
Then, the city was conquered by Muslim Arabs of Khalid ibn Walid. In the 6th century, the castle Fachrentin erected on top of a mountain overlooking the oasis. The castle surrounded by a moat. The city of Palmyra was kept as it was, but it was destroyed by a powerful earthquake in 1089.
Funerary art
The artists of Palmyra built a series of large funerary monuments. These structures, some of which were underground were internal walls dug or opened burial compartments where the dead were placed. Slabs of limestone with busts (in Roman or Parthian-Persian style) in high relief seal the rectangular openings of these funerary apartment. The reliefs depicting the "personality" or the soul of the deceased and were part of the decoration of the walls inside the burial chamber. Represented a scene from reception to such relief would translate into a family tomb, and not an individual.
Important monuments
The brightest of the surviving ruins of Palmyra are those of the Temple of the Sun, the epitaphs square towers 3-5 floors, the Roman theater and the foundations of roads and housing. Also important are the bilingual-found inscriptions of Palmyra (in Greek and Palmirian dialect), one in Hebrew and two in Latin.
They have reached and cause shock.
Already the fighters of the Eosphoros Caliphate State have made atrocities,beheadings lie in the streets of the city center.
The extremist organization Caliphate State today captured the entire ancient city of Palmyra in the Syrian desert and the jihadists now control half of Syrian territory, as announced by the Syrian Human Rights Observatory.
The jihadists, who already control large areas in northern and eastern Syria, marched yesterday evening to the west in the city of Palmyra in central Syria, capturing for the first time a large urban center, after battles with the Syrian pro-government forces.
Over the impressive ancient Palmyra black smoke rising from the devastation already underway in the city
It is a city of Luxurious and rich in the middle of the desert, thanks to trade spices and perfumes, silk and ivory sunrise, statues and glass processing of Phoenicia.
The ruins inside the ancient city of Palmyra date back to the 1st and 2nd century, with the city’s temples and streets formed from a blend of Persian and Greco-Roman influenced architecture.
In 129, the Roman Emperor Hadrian makes it a free city and takes the name Hadrian Palmyra. It is the era in which made the main temples like that of Bell, or the Agora.
The Palmyra was in ancient times an important city of central Syria, built in an oasis 215 km northeast of Damascus and 120 km southwest of the Euphrates. For centuries it was vital stop for caravans crossing the Syrian desert and was known as the "Bride of the Desert."
The Greek name "Palmyra" is a translation of the original Aramaic name Tadmor, which means "Palm city". The modern town, next to the ancient ruins called again Tadmor. The economy depends on tourism. The Bible refers to Tamar or Thedmor or Thoedmor while in Aramaic Tadmor or Tammor and said that King Solomon built as a city station caravans between Syria and Mesopotamia.
The Palmyra was famous for its wealth during the Roman period, when reigned and the legendary Queen Zenobia. However, for the first time mentioned the 2nd millennium BC .. It was then another node in extensive trade network that linked Mesopotamia with northern Syria.
The Tadmor is mentioned in the Bible (II Chronicles 8: 4) as a desert city that was fortified by Solomon. Also from Josephus, as built by Solomon (Jewish Antiquities - Book VIII), together with the Greek name of Palmyra. (Tadmor is the name of Palmyra in modern Hebrew).
For this city before the Roman period, there is also the news that traditionally had been destroyed by the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar.
With the prevalence of the Seleucids in Syria in 323 BC, Palmyra became independent. The city flourished as a caravan station mainly in the 1st century BC In 41 BC Romans under Mark Antony tried to understand, but failed as residents fled to the opposite bank of the Euphrates having timely informed the enemy coming. The fact shows that even then the Palmyra retained its character as nomadic settlement and all the goods could be moved in a few hours.
The Terry Jones and Alan Ereira in their book 'The Barbarians' note that the merchants of Palmyra were ship owners in Italian waters and controlled the silk trade from India: "The Palmyra thus became one of the richest cities of the Middle East .. . ... Its inhabitants had managed a really great achievement - were the only ones who managed to live next to the Romans without ekromaisthoun. Just pretending they were Romans. "
The Palmyra became part of the Roman province of Syria during the reign of Tiberius (14-37). He continued to grow steadily as an important trading post, which now linking Persia, India and China with the Roman Empire. In 129 Hadrian visited the city and captivated so much that the proclaimed "free city" and renamed it Palmyra Hadriana.
From 212 trade by Palmyra fell, as Sassanians occupied the mouth of the Tigris and the Euphrates. Odaenathus, prince of Palmyra, was appointed by Valerian governor of the province of Syria. After the capture of Valerian Sassanian Empire and the death in captivity in Bishapur, Odaenethus campaigned until Ctesiphon (near today's Baghdad) for revenge, invading the city twice. Odaenathus murdered by his nephew Maconius, so the wife of Odaenethus the Septimius Zenobia came to power, ruling Palmyra and on behalf of her son Vabalathus. The Zenobia rebelled against the Romans with the help of Longinus and took over Bosra and the land to Egypt. Then attempted to conquer Antioch to the north.
In 272 the Roman Emperor Aurelian finally retaliated and took her prisoner in Rome.
The revolution Zenobia upset Rome so the Palmyra forced the Empire to become a military base for the Roman legions. Diocletian the extended to fit even more military and rampart to protect her from the threat of the Sassanids. The Byzantine period added only a few churches and the city decayed.
Then, the city was conquered by Muslim Arabs of Khalid ibn Walid. In the 6th century, the castle Fachrentin erected on top of a mountain overlooking the oasis. The castle surrounded by a moat. The city of Palmyra was kept as it was, but it was destroyed by a powerful earthquake in 1089.
Funerary art
The artists of Palmyra built a series of large funerary monuments. These structures, some of which were underground were internal walls dug or opened burial compartments where the dead were placed. Slabs of limestone with busts (in Roman or Parthian-Persian style) in high relief seal the rectangular openings of these funerary apartment. The reliefs depicting the "personality" or the soul of the deceased and were part of the decoration of the walls inside the burial chamber. Represented a scene from reception to such relief would translate into a family tomb, and not an individual.
Important monuments
The brightest of the surviving ruins of Palmyra are those of the Temple of the Sun, the epitaphs square towers 3-5 floors, the Roman theater and the foundations of roads and housing. Also important are the bilingual-found inscriptions of Palmyra (in Greek and Palmirian dialect), one in Hebrew and two in Latin.