I forgot to tag in the works cited page:
(1)
Frosina Information Network,
www.frosina.org/infobits/albgreece. Other websites which deal with Cham issues are:
www.albanian.com/main/other/cameria, and
www.albabel.yucom.be.
(2)
Miranda Vickers & James Pettifer, Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity, C. Hurst & Co, 1997, p.xii..
(3)
For detailed historical and documentary accounts of the Chams and Chameria see: Albert Kotini, Tre Guret e zes ne Preveza, Fllad, Tirana, 2000; Albert Kotini, Çameria Denoncon, Fllad, Tirana, 1999; Fatos Mero Rrapaj, Fjalori Onomastik i Epirit, Eurolindja, Tirana, 1995; Drejtoria e Përgjithshme e Arkivave - Dokumente për Çamërinë, 1912-1939, Dituria, Tirana, 1999.
(4)
Greek Foreign Ministry spokesman Panayiotis Beglitis, Kathimerini (Athens), 2-3 June 2001.
(5)
INET (Belgrade), 30 May 2001, 11:15.
(6)
The term Tosk refers to Albanians who live south of the Shkumbin River. They speak a different dialect, and have different cultural traditions, from the Gheg Albanians who live north of the Shkumbin.
(7)
Odysseus, Turkey in Europe, London, 1900, p401.
(8)
Jelavic, Charles and Barbara, The Establishment of the Balkan National States 1804-1920, Washington, 1970, p.77.
(9)
A similar pattern was emerging in the Kosovo region of southern Serbia, whereby Albanians were being encouraged to leave their lands for Turkey, and Serb and Montenegrin colonists were brought in to settle on the vacated Albanian land.
(10)
Michalopoulos, D., 'The Moslems of Chamouria and the Exchange of Populations Between Greece and Turkey', Balkan Studies, Vol 27, No 2, 1986, pp.305-6.
(11)
Michalopolous, pp.306-7.
(12)
Michalopolous, p.310.
(13)
For a list of the most important changes in place names from Albanian into Greek, see James Pettifer, The Blue Guide to Albania and Kosovo, third edition, London 2000, p.57.
(14)
James Pettifer, The Blue Guide to Albania and Kosovo, third edition, London 2000, p.439.
(15)
British Foreign Office PRO/FO No.371/48094/544/R8 564.
(16)
Eyewitness accounts of the attacks on the Cham districts of Paramithia, Parga and Spatar, Memorandum of the Anti-Fascist Committee of Cham Emigrants in Albania, Tirana, 1947, p.4, hereafter 'Memorandum'. It should also be noted that most of the influential books in English on the region have been written from the viewpoint of the Greek Royalist Right, from Henry Baerlein's Under the Acroceraunian Mountains, René Puaux's Sorrow of Epirus and Pyrrhus Ruches' Albania's Captives, to modern polemical works such as Eleni by Nicholas Gage. For a pro-Cham viewpoint, see British Imperialism and Ethnic Cleansing by N. Zanga, Tirana, 1997.
(17)
Memorandum, p.6.
(18)
Documents of the US Department of State, No. 84/3, Tirana Mission, 1945-1946, 6-646.
(19)
Vlachs are semi-nomadic pastoralists who speak a language akin to Romanian and live in south-east Albania, north-west Greece and southern FYROM.
(20)
For useful information on the tensions between Albania and Greece over the Chameria/Epirus dispute, see: Border and Territorial Disputes, 3rd edition, Albania-Greece (Northern Epirus), Longman, Harlow, 1992.
(21)
Memorandum, p.8.
(22)
Memorandum, p.9.
(23)
Statement of Prime Minister Constantine Mitsotakis on the occasion of his visit to Tirana, May 1992.
(24)
Republic of Albania - Law No: 7839, passed in Tirana, 30 June 1994. The Cham monument was erected in Konispol in 1995.
(25)
Petition to the Albanian government and international organisations, the Chameria Political Association, Tirana, 24 August 1999.
(26)
Speech by Hilmi Saqe, OSCE Istanbul Summit, fringe meeting, 18 November 1999.
(27)
Ibid.
(28)
Albania Daily News, 1226, 18 January 2000.
(29)
Godo was referring to the law that Greece imposed on Albania in 1940, which was de facto lifted in 1987, but which still has to go through a final parliamentary approval.
(30)
Albania Daily News, 1571, 29 May 2001.
(31)
Albania Daily News, 1226, 18 January 2000.
(32)
Albania Daily News, Tirana, 1 July 2001.
(33)
Arthur Foss, Epirus, London, 1978, p.173.
(34)
Kathimerini, 2-3 June 2001.
(35)
INET (Belgrade), 30 May 2001, 11:15.
(36)
Albania Daily News, 31 May 2001.
(37)
Albanian Nationalist Army Seen Claiming Greek Territories, Tipos tis Kiriakis, 9 July 2000.
(38)
Ibid.
(39)
Ibid.
(40)
During the late 1940s, the British and Americans devised a complicated and risky plot to overthrow Hoxha's regime. The plan was to equip and train an anti-Communist force recruited from hundreds of right-wing Zogist and Ballist refugees who had fled from Albania after the war. For a fuller account of these events see Miranda Vickers, The Albanians: a Modern History, London: 1999, Chapter eight, & Nicholas Bethel, The Great Betrayal (London 1984).
(41)
The Republic Of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
www.mfa.gov.tr/grupa/ac/ack/03.htm, 6 June 2001.
(42)
The Republic Of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
www.mfa.gov.tr/grupa/ac/ack/03.htm, 6 June 2001.
(43) Interview with Greek officials, Tirana, March 2001.
(44)
Reuters, Tirana, 1 August 2000.
(45)
RFE/RL, 9 November 2000.
(46)
Interview with Albanian officials, Tirana, April 2001.
(47)
In Ottoman times what is now northern Greece was largely inhabited by Turks, Albanians, Slavs, Vlachs and Roma.
(48)
The Megali Idea was a plan of expansion which would include all Greeks within a single Greek state, as well as entailing the revival of the Byzantine Empire. The lands to be adjoined to this empire included Epirus, Thessaly, Macedonia, Thrace, the Aegean islands, Crete, Cyprus, the west coast of Asia Minor, and the territory between the Balkan and Rhodope Mountains.
(49)
Extreme nationalist Albanian rhetoric for a Greater Albania.
(50)
The union of Kosovo with western FYROM.
(51)
Interview with Cham families in Vlora and Tirana, May 2001.
(52)
Interview with members of the Cham association, Tirana, September 2001.
(53)
In marked contrast to the decline in the human habitation of Epirus, the wolf population has increased over the past three decades and is now on a par with wolf numbers in Ottoman times.
(54)
An example of the new presentation of the Cham issue can be found in the book The Political Philosophy of the Albanian Question, Prishtina 1997, by the young Kosovo Albanian historian Ukshin Hoti.
[reprint of: Miranda Vickers: The Cham Issue: Albanian National and Property Claims in Greece. ISBN 1-903584-76-0 (Conflict Studies Research Centre, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Surrey 2002), reprint in: Südosteuropa, Zeitschrift für Gegenwartsforschung, Munich, 2002, 51, 4-6, p. 228-249. For an update on the Cham issue, cf. Miranda Vickers: The Cham Issue, Where to Now?, January 2007, at:
www.da.mod.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/balkan/]