Post by depletedreasons on Mar 27, 2008 8:26:34 GMT -5
Ottoman Submarines from 1700's
Nordenfelt class Ottoman submarine Abdülhamid (1886) was the first submarine in history to fire a torpedo while submerged under water.See linked Mavi Boncuk Article on the worlds first mechanically powered submarine for the Imperial Ottoman Navy
Mavi Boncuk |
Source: Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization - Jan 2007
However again during the reign of Sultan Ahmed III (1703-1750), which is during the Tulip Age, there is strong evidence both in the Surname (chronicle) of Mehmed Hazin and the Surname of Vehbi, as the witnesses of the era, that Ibrahim Effendi, the dockyard architect, had invented the submarine which was called “Tahtelbahir”. Seyyid Vehbi compared this submarine invented by the architect Ibrahim Effendi to an alligator, and tells in his Surname that during the circumcision ceremony that Sultan Ahmed III held for his sons, while the sultan, the viziers, and the sultan’s sons were watching the shows in the coastal palace in Aynali Kavak, the alligator-like submarine slowly emerged on the water and moved slowly to the sultan, and after staying on the sea for half an hour, submerged in the sea again to the great surprise of the public; then emerged one hour later, with five people walking outside the mouth of this alligator-like submarine with trays of rice and zerde (dish of sweetened rice) on their heads. The book Surname-i Humayun of Seyyid Vehbi, which explains the technical information concerning this sub-marine submerging in the sea and the crew being able to breathe through pipes while under the sea, demonstrates to us the first Ottoman trials of submarines were successful. The Surname of Mehmed Hazin, who told of the events of October 1, 1720, during the circumcision ceremony of the sons of Sultan Ahmed III, related that a fish-like submarine was present; however, his secrets were buried with him.
Although it is mentioned by Bahaeddin, the historian, that the first submarine was used during the Seljuk period against the Crusader knights in the siege of Akkah in 1150, it is understood that the submarine built by Ibrahim, the architect, in the Ottoman era during the reign of Ahmed III was more developed and could stay under water for one hour. Considering that the British tried to build a small submarine half a century after Ibrahim and failed, it is obvious that the Ottoman success in this field is most notable. However in 1776, the submarine developed by the American scientist David Bushnell was a success. The sketches of a submarine project in the archives of the Stockholm Military Organization are interesting for the assessment of all the technical developments of the era.
References:
Seyyid Vehbi : Surname. Suleymaniye Library, Hamidiye 952, foliea 171 b
Mehmed Hazin: Surman, Bayezid Library, Nureddin Pasa, 10267, folio 132 b
Saban Dogen, Musulman ilim onculeri ansiklopedisi, Istanbul 1984, s. 205
Flack, N.D. Diving vessel by the Ms. Day London 1775
Fledhaus, F. M.: Die Technik Ein Lexikon der Vorzeit, der geschichtlichen Zeit und der Naturvolker. Munchen 1970 sp. 1122.
See also: ORIENTE MODERNO | XX,1(2001) | THE OTTOMANS AND THE SEA by Istituto per l'Oriente Carlo Alfonso Nallino(founded in 1922)
Palmira BRUMMETT, The Ottomans as a World Power: what we don't know about Ottoman Sea power
Victor OSTAPCHUK, The Human Landscape of the Ottoman Black Sea in the Face of the Cossack Naval Raids
Suraiya FAROQHI, Trade and Revenue Collection in Later Sixteenth Century Salonica
Elena FRANGAKIS-SYRETT, Izmir and the Ottoman Maritime World of the Eighteenth Century
Kate FLEET, Early Turkish Naval Activities
Elizabeth ZACHARIADOU, Monks and Sailors under the Ottoman Sultans
Rossitsa GRADEVA, War and Peace along the Danube : Vidin at the End of the Seventeenth Century
Gábor ÁGOSTON, Merces Prohibitae: The Anglo-Ottoman Trade in War Material and the Dependence Theory
Molly GREENE, Ruling an Island without a Navy. A Comparative View of Venetian and Ottoman Crete
Kaori KOMATSU, Financial Problems of the Navy during the Reign of Abdülhamid II
Konstantin ZHUKOV and Aleksandr VITOL, The Origins of the Ottoman Submarine Fleet
Claudia RÖMER, The Sea in Comparisons and Metaphors in Ottoman Historiography in the Sixteenth Century
Victoria HOLBROOK, Oceanic Feeling, Narcissism and the Post
maviboncuk.blogspot.com/
Nordenfelt class Ottoman submarine Abdülhamid (1886) was the first submarine in history to fire a torpedo while submerged under water.See linked Mavi Boncuk Article on the worlds first mechanically powered submarine for the Imperial Ottoman Navy
Mavi Boncuk |
Source: Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization - Jan 2007
However again during the reign of Sultan Ahmed III (1703-1750), which is during the Tulip Age, there is strong evidence both in the Surname (chronicle) of Mehmed Hazin and the Surname of Vehbi, as the witnesses of the era, that Ibrahim Effendi, the dockyard architect, had invented the submarine which was called “Tahtelbahir”. Seyyid Vehbi compared this submarine invented by the architect Ibrahim Effendi to an alligator, and tells in his Surname that during the circumcision ceremony that Sultan Ahmed III held for his sons, while the sultan, the viziers, and the sultan’s sons were watching the shows in the coastal palace in Aynali Kavak, the alligator-like submarine slowly emerged on the water and moved slowly to the sultan, and after staying on the sea for half an hour, submerged in the sea again to the great surprise of the public; then emerged one hour later, with five people walking outside the mouth of this alligator-like submarine with trays of rice and zerde (dish of sweetened rice) on their heads. The book Surname-i Humayun of Seyyid Vehbi, which explains the technical information concerning this sub-marine submerging in the sea and the crew being able to breathe through pipes while under the sea, demonstrates to us the first Ottoman trials of submarines were successful. The Surname of Mehmed Hazin, who told of the events of October 1, 1720, during the circumcision ceremony of the sons of Sultan Ahmed III, related that a fish-like submarine was present; however, his secrets were buried with him.
Although it is mentioned by Bahaeddin, the historian, that the first submarine was used during the Seljuk period against the Crusader knights in the siege of Akkah in 1150, it is understood that the submarine built by Ibrahim, the architect, in the Ottoman era during the reign of Ahmed III was more developed and could stay under water for one hour. Considering that the British tried to build a small submarine half a century after Ibrahim and failed, it is obvious that the Ottoman success in this field is most notable. However in 1776, the submarine developed by the American scientist David Bushnell was a success. The sketches of a submarine project in the archives of the Stockholm Military Organization are interesting for the assessment of all the technical developments of the era.
References:
Seyyid Vehbi : Surname. Suleymaniye Library, Hamidiye 952, foliea 171 b
Mehmed Hazin: Surman, Bayezid Library, Nureddin Pasa, 10267, folio 132 b
Saban Dogen, Musulman ilim onculeri ansiklopedisi, Istanbul 1984, s. 205
Flack, N.D. Diving vessel by the Ms. Day London 1775
Fledhaus, F. M.: Die Technik Ein Lexikon der Vorzeit, der geschichtlichen Zeit und der Naturvolker. Munchen 1970 sp. 1122.
See also: ORIENTE MODERNO | XX,1(2001) | THE OTTOMANS AND THE SEA by Istituto per l'Oriente Carlo Alfonso Nallino(founded in 1922)
Palmira BRUMMETT, The Ottomans as a World Power: what we don't know about Ottoman Sea power
Victor OSTAPCHUK, The Human Landscape of the Ottoman Black Sea in the Face of the Cossack Naval Raids
Suraiya FAROQHI, Trade and Revenue Collection in Later Sixteenth Century Salonica
Elena FRANGAKIS-SYRETT, Izmir and the Ottoman Maritime World of the Eighteenth Century
Kate FLEET, Early Turkish Naval Activities
Elizabeth ZACHARIADOU, Monks and Sailors under the Ottoman Sultans
Rossitsa GRADEVA, War and Peace along the Danube : Vidin at the End of the Seventeenth Century
Gábor ÁGOSTON, Merces Prohibitae: The Anglo-Ottoman Trade in War Material and the Dependence Theory
Molly GREENE, Ruling an Island without a Navy. A Comparative View of Venetian and Ottoman Crete
Kaori KOMATSU, Financial Problems of the Navy during the Reign of Abdülhamid II
Konstantin ZHUKOV and Aleksandr VITOL, The Origins of the Ottoman Submarine Fleet
Claudia RÖMER, The Sea in Comparisons and Metaphors in Ottoman Historiography in the Sixteenth Century
Victoria HOLBROOK, Oceanic Feeling, Narcissism and the Post
maviboncuk.blogspot.com/