Post by depletedreasons on Nov 23, 2007 8:55:18 GMT -5
Political History of Ogurs
Mavi Boncuk |
Ogur history goes far back. It is probable that they are related to U-suns (Wu-suns) living in the slopes of Tanri mountain toward late 3rd century B.C. However, such relation seems to pertain mostly to the region U-suns lived (maybe their ex-country). This is because there are evidences that Ogurs lived in far north in Kobdo, Tarbagatay region in the same period. Chinese sources talk about a nation called "Ho-chieh" or "Wu-chieh" there. F. Birth said the Chinese formation of the name may have derived from a word which was originally pronounced like "Ugır" (not Uygur). This name is nothing but "Ogur" for Gy. Nemeth who confirmed him. One of the most important branches of Ogurs in Middle Asia in early 3rd Century B.C. was Tinglings who were told to live in Middle and Southern Irtis and took marten, white and blue fox ("Kun-tsun" = Kırsa ~ Karsak-steppe fox) and in particular red squirrel skins to China. The names of these famous red squirrel merchants are also in Turkish: Tingli=Teyin'li=Sincap'lı. Indeed, all Ogurs were known for fur trade. Red squirrel skin was the leading one among precious furs.
Besides this intense hunting and fur trade skills of Ogur Turks which distinguished them from their animal breeding brothers, another of their skills was that they were good farmers in accordance with the conditions of the geographical region they lived in thewest. They conducted all kinds of agriculture and fruit growing with the highest level of their times. The Ogur words included in Hungarian language in that period proves that.
It is certain especially from their roles in Attila period that Ogurs, who were understood to be the neighbors of people remaining from Huns who withdrew to the same region after collapse of Çi-çi Tanhu state in Middle Asia (36 B.C.) were linked to European Huns who turned to be a world empire in the west quickly afterwards. Upon the collapse of Hun empire and losing of the central authority (between 460-470), we see that they gathered around Irnek, who was known to come from the west, together with the Hun mass, and established a Bulgarian State. Ogurs subsisted their unity in times of Irmek's successor Mundo (Muncuk?) and 4 subsequent rulers until 550's. They are found out to spread as follows in this period: On-ogurs in the north Caucasus (to the east of Azak), Otuz-ogurs in Don-Volga turn region, Dokuz-ogurs in steppes toward Dnieper. The ones to the east entered Sabar and Gok-Turk dominance respectively when they reached azak Sea (in 576). For Menandros, a woman leader called Ak-kagan appointed by Otuz-ogur Ruler Anagaios (Turkish a-lı: ana-aga?) was one of those who entered Gok-Turk rule.
Dokuz-ogur (Kara-Bulgars?) in the west continued their relations with Byzantium from whom they collected annual taxes sometimes as friends and sometimes as enemies. Their constant pressure on Byzantium claiming the Slav masses forced Emperor Anastasios (491-518) to construct the "long rampart" to protect capital city Istanbul.
They took part in Italian wars under Byzantium general Belizarios command in 530 and helped Gepids fighting Longobards with 10 thousand horsemen. However, Byzantium-just like China-applied the same trick to Ogurs. She incited disagreements between Dokuz-ogur and otuz-ogur brothers and made them attack on each other. She made some of the defeated Dokuz-ogurs inhabit in Thrace (2 thousand families). There was no use in Otuz-ogurs' appearing near Istanbul with a sudden march to Balkans (550) now. Weakening of Ogur dominance in north Black Sea facilitated Avars' rapid advance toward the west taking some masses of Ogur-Bulgar Turks together with them (in years after 558). Bulgars, who fought in Dalmatia under Bayan Khan's command formed supplementary forces for Avars in 626 Istanbul siege. They spread to Balkans, North Italy and Hungary. About 9 thousand Bulgarian families disliking Avars were first moved to Baviera and then Italy (2nd half of 7th century.)
Before the fifth century A.D., the Magyars' ancestors gradually migrated southward onto the Russian steppes, where they wandered into the lands near the Volga River bend, at present-day Kazan, as nomadic herders. Later, probably under pressure from hostile tribes to the east, they migrated to the area between the Don and lower Dnepr rivers. There they lived close to, and perhaps were dominated by, the Bulgar-Turks from about the fifth to the seventh century. During this period, the Magyars became a semisedentary people who lived by raising cattle and sheep, planting crops, and fishing. The Bulgar-Turkish influence on the Magyars was significant, especially in agriculture. Most Hungarian words dealing with agriculture and animal husbandry have Turkic roots. By contrast, the etymology of the word Hungary has been traced to a Slavicized form of the Turkic words on ogur, meaning "ten arrows," which may have referred to the number of Magyar tribes.
maviboncuk.blogspot.com/2004_05_01_archive.html
Mavi Boncuk |
Ogur history goes far back. It is probable that they are related to U-suns (Wu-suns) living in the slopes of Tanri mountain toward late 3rd century B.C. However, such relation seems to pertain mostly to the region U-suns lived (maybe their ex-country). This is because there are evidences that Ogurs lived in far north in Kobdo, Tarbagatay region in the same period. Chinese sources talk about a nation called "Ho-chieh" or "Wu-chieh" there. F. Birth said the Chinese formation of the name may have derived from a word which was originally pronounced like "Ugır" (not Uygur). This name is nothing but "Ogur" for Gy. Nemeth who confirmed him. One of the most important branches of Ogurs in Middle Asia in early 3rd Century B.C. was Tinglings who were told to live in Middle and Southern Irtis and took marten, white and blue fox ("Kun-tsun" = Kırsa ~ Karsak-steppe fox) and in particular red squirrel skins to China. The names of these famous red squirrel merchants are also in Turkish: Tingli=Teyin'li=Sincap'lı. Indeed, all Ogurs were known for fur trade. Red squirrel skin was the leading one among precious furs.
Besides this intense hunting and fur trade skills of Ogur Turks which distinguished them from their animal breeding brothers, another of their skills was that they were good farmers in accordance with the conditions of the geographical region they lived in thewest. They conducted all kinds of agriculture and fruit growing with the highest level of their times. The Ogur words included in Hungarian language in that period proves that.
It is certain especially from their roles in Attila period that Ogurs, who were understood to be the neighbors of people remaining from Huns who withdrew to the same region after collapse of Çi-çi Tanhu state in Middle Asia (36 B.C.) were linked to European Huns who turned to be a world empire in the west quickly afterwards. Upon the collapse of Hun empire and losing of the central authority (between 460-470), we see that they gathered around Irnek, who was known to come from the west, together with the Hun mass, and established a Bulgarian State. Ogurs subsisted their unity in times of Irmek's successor Mundo (Muncuk?) and 4 subsequent rulers until 550's. They are found out to spread as follows in this period: On-ogurs in the north Caucasus (to the east of Azak), Otuz-ogurs in Don-Volga turn region, Dokuz-ogurs in steppes toward Dnieper. The ones to the east entered Sabar and Gok-Turk dominance respectively when they reached azak Sea (in 576). For Menandros, a woman leader called Ak-kagan appointed by Otuz-ogur Ruler Anagaios (Turkish a-lı: ana-aga?) was one of those who entered Gok-Turk rule.
Dokuz-ogur (Kara-Bulgars?) in the west continued their relations with Byzantium from whom they collected annual taxes sometimes as friends and sometimes as enemies. Their constant pressure on Byzantium claiming the Slav masses forced Emperor Anastasios (491-518) to construct the "long rampart" to protect capital city Istanbul.
They took part in Italian wars under Byzantium general Belizarios command in 530 and helped Gepids fighting Longobards with 10 thousand horsemen. However, Byzantium-just like China-applied the same trick to Ogurs. She incited disagreements between Dokuz-ogur and otuz-ogur brothers and made them attack on each other. She made some of the defeated Dokuz-ogurs inhabit in Thrace (2 thousand families). There was no use in Otuz-ogurs' appearing near Istanbul with a sudden march to Balkans (550) now. Weakening of Ogur dominance in north Black Sea facilitated Avars' rapid advance toward the west taking some masses of Ogur-Bulgar Turks together with them (in years after 558). Bulgars, who fought in Dalmatia under Bayan Khan's command formed supplementary forces for Avars in 626 Istanbul siege. They spread to Balkans, North Italy and Hungary. About 9 thousand Bulgarian families disliking Avars were first moved to Baviera and then Italy (2nd half of 7th century.)
Before the fifth century A.D., the Magyars' ancestors gradually migrated southward onto the Russian steppes, where they wandered into the lands near the Volga River bend, at present-day Kazan, as nomadic herders. Later, probably under pressure from hostile tribes to the east, they migrated to the area between the Don and lower Dnepr rivers. There they lived close to, and perhaps were dominated by, the Bulgar-Turks from about the fifth to the seventh century. During this period, the Magyars became a semisedentary people who lived by raising cattle and sheep, planting crops, and fishing. The Bulgar-Turkish influence on the Magyars was significant, especially in agriculture. Most Hungarian words dealing with agriculture and animal husbandry have Turkic roots. By contrast, the etymology of the word Hungary has been traced to a Slavicized form of the Turkic words on ogur, meaning "ten arrows," which may have referred to the number of Magyar tribes.
maviboncuk.blogspot.com/2004_05_01_archive.html