Bozur
Amicus
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Post by Bozur on Mar 17, 2009 20:53:36 GMT -5
Mendelian inheritance
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Mendelian genetics)
For a non-technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to genetics.
Mendelian inheritance (or Mendelian genetics or Mendelism) is a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parent organisms to their children; it underlies much of genetics. They were initially derived from the work of Gregor Mendel published in 1865 and 1866 which was "re-discovered" in 1900, and were initially very controversial. When they were integrated with the chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core of classical genetics. for more info en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_genetics
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Bozur
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Post by Bozur on Mar 17, 2009 20:54:49 GMT -5
Lamarckism
Lamarckism (or Lamarckian evolution) is the once widely accepted idea that an organism can pass on characteristics that it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring (also known as heritability of acquired characteristics or soft inheritance). It is named for the French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), who incorporated the action of soft inheritance into his evolutionary theories and is often incorrectly cited as the founder of soft inheritance. It proposed that individual efforts during the lifetime of the organisms were the main mechanism driving species to adaptation, as they supposedly would acquire adaptive changes and pass them on to offspring.
for more info en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamarckism
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Bozur
Amicus
Posts: 5,515
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Post by Bozur on Mar 17, 2009 20:55:40 GMT -5
Eugenics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eugenics is a scientific field involving the controlled breeding of humans in order to achieve desirable traits in future generations.[2] Eugenics was at its height in the early decades of the 20th century and was largely abandoned with the end of World War II.[3] At its zenith, the movement often pursued pseudoscientific notions of racial supremacy and purity.[4] for more info en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics
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Bozur
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Posts: 5,515
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Post by Bozur on Mar 17, 2009 20:56:49 GMT -5
Social Darwinism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search
Social Darwinism refers to various ideologies based on a concept that competition among all individuals, groups, nations, or ideas drives social evolution in human societies.[1] The term draws upon the common use of the term Darwinism, which is a social adaptation of the theory of natural selection as first advanced by Charles Darwin. Natural selection explains speciation in populations as the outcome of competition between individual organisms for limited resources or "survival of the fittest" (a term in fact coined by Herbert Spencer) (also refer to "The Gospel of Wealth" theory written by Andrew Carnegie). The term first appeared in Europe in 1879 and was popularized in the United States in 1944 by the American historian Richard Hofstadter, and has generally been used by critics rather than advocates of what the term is supposed to represent.[2]
While the term has been applied to the claim that Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection can be used to understand the social endurance of a nation or country, social Darwinism commonly refers to ideas that predate Darwin's publication of On the Origin of Species. Others whose ideas are given the label include the 18th century clergyman Thomas Malthus, and Darwin's cousin Francis Galton who founded eugenics towards the end of the 19th century
For more info en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Darwinism
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Bozur
Amicus
Posts: 5,515
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Post by Bozur on Mar 17, 2009 20:57:28 GMT -5
Herbert Spencer
Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, prominent classical liberal political theorist, and sociological theorist of the Victorian era.
Spencer developed an all-embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies. As a polymath, he contributed to a wide range of subjects, including ethics, religion, economics, politics, philosophy, biology, sociology, and psychology. During his lifetime he achieved tremendous authority, mainly in English Speaking circles. Indeed in Britain and the United States at "one time Spencer's disciples had not blushed to compare him with Aristotle!"[1]
He is best known for coining the phrase "survival of the fittest," which he did in Principles of Biology (1864), after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species.[2] This term strongly suggests natural selection, yet as Spencer extended evolution into realms of sociology and ethics, he made use of Lamarckism rather than natural selection. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer
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Bozur
Amicus
Posts: 5,515
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Post by Bozur on Mar 17, 2009 20:58:12 GMT -5
Polymath From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Leonardo da Vinci is regarded as an archetypal "Renaissance Man" and is one of the most recognizable polymaths.
A polymath (Greek polymathēs, πολυμαθής, "having learned much")[1] is a person whose knowledge is not restricted to one subject area. In less formal terms, a polymath (or polymathic person) may simply refer to someone who is very knowledgeable. Most ancient scientists were polymaths by today’s standards.[2]
The terms Renaissance Man and, less commonly, Homo Universalis (Latin for "universal man" or "man of the world") are related and used to describe a person who is well educated or who excels in a wide variety of subjects or fields.[3] This idea developed in Renaissance Italy from the notion expressed by one of its most accomplished representatives, Leon Battista Alberti (1404–72): that “a man can do all things if he will.” It embodied the basic tenets of Renaissance Humanism which considered man empowered, limitless in his capacities for development, and led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. Thus the gifted men of the Renaissance sought to develop skills in all areas of knowledge, in physical development, in social accomplishments and in the arts.
for more info en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymath
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