all connected ? , some old Turkic tribes were connected , as far as is known earliest connections were with Khazars/Kabars and Proto Bulgars = Onugurs and Alans.
Also to some degree Cumans and Avars.
These connections were mostly through asscociatians and some degree of assimilation as is indicated below.
The Magyars around the Don River
were subordinates of the Khazar khaganate. Their neighbours were the archaeological Saltov Culture, i.e. Bulgars (Proto-Bulgarians, descendants of the Onogurs) and the Alans, from whom they learned gardening, elements of cattle breeding and of agriculture.
The Bulgars and Magyars shared a long-lasting relationship in Khazaria, either by alliance or rivalry. The system of two rulers (later known as kende and gyula) is also thought to be a major inheritance from the Khazars. Tradition holds that the Magyars were organized in a confederacy of tribes called hétmagyar (lit. seven Hungarians). The tribes of the hétmagyar were; Jenő, Kér, Keszi, Kürt-Gyarmat, Megyer, Nyék, and Tarján. The confederacy was formed as a border defending allies of Khazaria mainly during the reign of Khagan Bulan and Ovadyah,
with the Magyar tribe as ascendant.Around 830, a civil war broke out in the Khazar khaganate. As a result, three Kabar tribes of the Khazars joined the Magyars and they moved to what the Magyars call the Etelköz, i.e. the territory between the Carpathians and the Dnieper River (today's Ukraine).
Around 854, the Magyars faced a first attack by the Pechenegs.[33] (According to other sources, the reason for the departure of the Magyars to Etelköz was the attack of the Pechenegs.
Both the Kabars and earlier the Bulgars may have taught the Magyars their Turkic languages. The new neighbours of the Magyars were the Vikings and the eastern Slavs. Archaeological findings suggest that the Magyars entered into intense interaction with both groups From 862 onwards, the Magyars (already referred to as the Ungri) along with their allies, the Kabars, started a series of looting raids from the Etelköz to the Carpathian Basin–mostly against the Eastern Frankish Empire (Germany) and Great Moravia, but also against the Balaton principality and Bulgaria.
It should also be noted that though modern-day Hungarians have a predominantly European genetic makeup, Guglielimino and Beres (1996) states that about 13% of the population have retained the other Uralic language speakers' genes, while Tomary, et al. (2007) sees no genetic continuity in the current population, but does see a genetic connection in ancient DNA between the small proportion of the population comprising the ruling class that is linked to Uralic populations ca. 1000 AD (around the time of the formation of the first Hungarian state.
According to a genetic study published in 2000 in the American academic journal Science, the ancestors of Hungarians appeared in Europe around 40,000 years ago and genetically, the most closely related ethnic groups are Poles, Croats, Ukrainians, and other surrounding ethnic groups.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HungariansNotes
^ a b 18. Demographic data – Hungarian Central Statistical Office and calculation at Talk:Hungarian people#Number_of_Hungarians_in_Hungary
^ 2001 Slovakian Census
^ Národnost ve sčítání lidu v českých zemích
^ Bund Ungarischer Organisationen in Deutschland
^ 2001 Austrian census
^ Slovenia
^ 2002 Romanian census
^ 2002 Serbian Census
^ Položaj Nacionalnih Manjina U Republici Hrvatskoj - Zakonodavstvo I Praska
^ Republic of Macedonia - State Statistical Office
^ Pristup Zapošljavanhu Romske Populacije
^ National composition of population
^ Russia Report to COE
^ CSO Ireland - 2006 Census
^ a b c 2006 community survey
^ The 2006 census
^ Revista Época Edição 214 24/06/2002
^ Hungarian Embassy in Buenos Aires 20/06/2009
^ OSZK.
^ Hungary - The Árpáds, Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Hungary: The Medieval Period - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System
^ Hungary - Origins and Language
^ Mit jelent az a szó, hogy magyar? - NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGYARORSZÁG
^ Emese Saga
^ uirala theory-BACKGROUND - FinnoUgric Languages
^ "Genetic structure in relation to the history of Hungarian ethnic groups". Human Biology. 1996.
findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_199606/ai_n8745452/pg_6.
^ Comparison of maternal lineage and biogeographic analyses of ancient and modern Hungarian populations, U.S. National Library of Medicine
^ Moravcsik, Gyula. Byzantine Christianity and the Magyars in the Period of Their Migration. The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies.
www.jstor.org/pss/2492084. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
^ a b Szabó, István Mihály (August 2008). "(Hungarian) Őskőkori európai eredetű-e a magyar nép? Válasz Róna-Tas András kritikájára". História.
www.historia.hu/archivum/2004/0408szaboi.htm.
^ Kosztolnyik, Z. J., Hungary under the early Árpáds, 890s to 1063, page 29, Distributed by Columbia University Press, 2002 ISBN 0-88033-503-3, Library of congress control number 2002112276
^ Róna-Tas, András (1999). Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages. pp. 96.
^ Blench, Roger; Matthew Briggs (1999). Archaeology and Language. Routledge. pp. 210. ISBN 0415117615.
books.google.com/?id=DWMHhfXxLaIC&pg=PA209&dq=Hungarian+people+settlements+Andronovo+Culture+. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
^ a b c d e A Country Study: Hungary. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+hu0013). Retrieved 2009-03-06.
^ Magyars
^ Piotr Eberhardt (2003). Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe. M. E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY and London, England, 2003. ISBN 9780765606655.
books.google.com/?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ethnic+Groups+and+Population+Changes+in+Twentieth-century+Central-Eastern#PRA1-PA334,M1.
^ "Szekler people". Encyclopædia Britannica.
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579333/Szekler.
^ The Maygars of Hungary
^ History of Hungary, 895-970
^ The Magyars (650-997 AD)
^ Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, istorika Zrenjanina i Banata, Novi Sad, 2001.
^ Hungarian historians give the lowest estimates as 70,000 people, while Serbian and Slovak authors suggest much lower numbers; around 25,000.
^ Specifically, the Latin term natio hungarica referred to all nobles of the Kingdom of Hungary regardless of their ethnicity.
^ a b c d e f g Hungary. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 11, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online:
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/276730/Hungary ^ a b c d e f A Country Study: Hungary. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+hu0028). Retrieved 2009-03-06.
^ a b "International Boundary Study – No. 47 – April 15, 1965 – Hungary – Romania (Rumania) Boundary". US Bureau of Intelligence and Research.
www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS047.pdf.
^ Historical World Atlas. With the commendation of the Royal Geographical Society. Carthographia, Budapest, Hungary, 2005. ISBN 963-352-002-9CM
^ a b c d e f Steven W. Sowards. "Twenty-Five Lectures on Modern Balkan History (The Balkans in the Age of Nationalism), Lecture 4: Hungary and the limits of Habsburg authority". Michigan State University Libraries.
staff.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lecture4.html. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
^ a b C. A. MACARTNEY D. LITT. (1962). HUNGARY A Short History. Edinburgh University Press.
mek.niif.hu/02000/02086/02086.htm.
^ Robert A. Kann (1980). A history of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918. University of California Press. p. 205. ISBN 0520042069, 9780520042063.
books.google.com/?id=w5iJ1tfLnnoC&pg=PA544&dq=petzval+hungarian+of+german.
^ Peaks/waves of immigration
^ Kocsis, Károly (1998). "Introduction". Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin. Simon Publications LLC. ISBN 193131375X.
books.google.com/?id=-zZ_NVM9mNEC&pg=PA9&dq=one+third+of+Hungarian+people+minorities+in+the+neighbouring+countries+Trianon. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
^ Bugajski, Janusz (1995). Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations, and Parties. M.E. Sharpe (Washington, D.C.). ISBN 1563242834, 9781563242830.
^ Kovrig, Bennett (2000), Partitioned nation: Hungarian minorities in Central Europe, in: Michael Mandelbaum (ed.), The new European Diasporas: National Minorities and Conflict in Eastern Europe, New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, pp. 19–80.
^ Raffay Ernő: A vajdaságoktól a birodalomig. Az újkori Románia története (From voivodeships to the empire. The modern history of Romania). Publishing house JATE Kiadó, Szeged, 1989, pp. 155–156)
^ a b "Nyolcmillió lehet a magyar népesség 2050-re". origo.
www.origo.hu/itthon/20050414nyolcmillio.html. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
^ Sebők László's ethnic map of Central and Southeastern Europe
[edit] References
Molnar, Miklos (2001). A Concise History of Hungary. Cambridge Concise Histories (Fifth printing 2008 ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521667364.
2. Korai Magyar Torleniti Lexicon (9-14 szazad) (Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History -9-14th Centuries) Budapest, Akademiai Klado; 753. ISBN 9.